Global Gypsum Newsletter

Issue: GGM53 / 22 June 2023

Headlines


Eurogypsum added its views on the European Union’s (EU) proposed Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) last month. It wants gypsum to be added to the bill’s list of critical and strategic raw materials. It is not surprising that the European federation of national associations of producers of gypsum products might want to do this. However, when compared to rare earth minerals of the sort required to manufacture batteries for electric vehicles (EV), gypsum doesn’t seem all that, well, rare.

What may be rare though is people’s patience with new gypsum mines. The association’s argument is that gypsum is indeed abundant in the EU but that accessing it is increasingly becoming difficult. The EU’s sustainability agenda has made the energy efficiency of buildings as important as reducing CO2 emissions from the transportation sector. Gypsum and other materials used to make lightweight building materials are a way of renovating existing buildings and improving energy efficiency. Therefore it suggests that the act should either recognise gypsum as strategic or introduce a new ‘essential’ category. This would then make the process of extracting gypsum more easy.

This approach ties back to initiatives such as one by the Federal Commission on Geosciences (BLA-GEO) in Germany, which previously started to compile an inventory of the nation’s gypsum deposits with the intention of putting this in front of policy makers. Nor is the gypsum sector alone in targeting the potentially lucrative retrofit market. In May 2023 Daikin, Danfoss, Knauf Insulation, Rockwool, Saint-Gobain, Signify and Velux signed an agreement to promote building energy efficiency in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Radek Bedrna, Knauf Insulation’s managing director for Eastern Europe and Middle East, noted that two thirds of the 43.6m homes in single- and multi-family houses in the CEE region were reportedly built before 1989 and are energy inefficient. The European Commission places transport-related greenhouse gas emissions at about 25% of the region’s total. Renovating buildings fully, by contrast, could save up to 5% of the EU’s emissions. Targeting transport emissions may be a higher priority for the EU but the savings from retrofitting are not trivial either.

Then - on cue in mid-June 2023 - there was an example of the difficulties gypsum product producers can face with building new quarries or enlarging old ones when expansion plans for a gypsum quarry supporting Placoplatre’s wallboard plant in Chambéry in France were scaled back from local opposition. The subsidiary of Saint-Gobain met similar issues in late 2022 when a public enquiry started examining its plans to build a new quarry at Fort Vaujours, Seine-Saint-Denis. This site is intended to serve the Vaujours gypsum wallboard plant as a replacement for its Bernouille quarry after the latter closes in 2026. This one has a happier ending, for the gypsum sector at least, since the project received an environmental permit in late May 2023. One of the key issues that came up in the enquiry was a disagreement over the means of extraction. A local environmental group favoured underground mining but an open-cast approach was preferred by the producer as it would yield much more gypsum. The latter was eventually approved.

What this suggests is that making gypsum an ‘essential’ raw material in Europe requires engagement with the general public as much as legislators. Some people may not like having a wind farm built near where they live but the chances are that there will be less opposition than building a new coal mine. Digging up new gypsum deposits should be presented as more like the former than the latter. Whizzing around in a new EV is generally seen as being more fun than bragging about how great the lamba factor is for one’s house. However, this may change if energy prices keep ticking upwards. Gypsum may not be rare but Eurogypsum and others can make a strong case for it being essential.


Kazakhstan: Germany-based Knauf has signed a deal with the government of the Zhambyl region to build a gypsum wallboard and dry building mixtures plant. The project has a cost of around Euro30m, according to InterFax. Completion is scheduled by 2026. Local subsidiary Knauf Gips Taraz is now developing design and estimate documentation for the construction of necessary infrastructure. Products from the proposed plant will be sold in the domestic market. The project is one of nine agreements between organisations from Germany and Kazakhstan announced during an official visit by German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier.


US: Albér Gypsum has developed an adhesive gypsum-based plaster ‘board’ product that can be used in place of traditional gypsum wallboard. Using the new process gypsum powder is first mixed with water into a mixture lightweight cement sprayer. The company has also designed a special spray gun for this purpose. The plaster is then sprayed onto the wall construction or/and insulation, evened out and left to dry for up to six hours. A patent is currently pending for the new method.

The developer says that the gypsum-based plaster product eliminates air pockets in a wall, covers electrical wires and tubes thereby reducing fire risk and is stronger than traditional wallboard. It takes half the installation time of regular wallboard and does not require fittings such as bolts or nails. The company says that the sprayable plaster creates less waste, is easily recyclable and does not use paper. Not using paper also prevents any cases of black mould. The gypsum mix used can be modified to create a harder or softer surface depending on the desired room acoustics.


China: Saint-Gobain has inaugurated a new 37Mm2/yr gypsum wallboard plant in Yuzhou, Henan province. The site will also produce 150,000t/yr of plaster. The plant will also use over 400,000t/yr of industrial by-products to increase its sustainability. Other initiatives include using renewable electricity, installing solar panels, using electric-powered forklift trucks and recycling all of the plant’s gypsum waste.

France-based Saint-Gobain has been present in China since 1985 and it employs more than 8000 people. The Yuzhou plant is the company’s sixth unit in the country. Construction of the site was supported by a green financing loan, implemented with BNP Paribas.


Italy: Assogesso, the Association of Italian Gypsum Producers, has appointed Gaetano Terrasini as its president. Terrasini is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Saint-Gobain Italia. He has held the position of CEO since 2020. Prior to this he has worked for Saint-Gobain and related companies for over 20 years.


France: Expansion plans for a gypsum quarry supporting Placoplatre’s wallboard plant in Chambéry have been scaled back. A 1000 hectare expansion was originally proposed for the Gypse de Maurienne quarry near to Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, according to the Le Dauphiné libéré newspaper. However, following local objections, this has been reduced to 60 hectares. The intention by the subsidiary of Saint-Gobain is to secure sufficient raw gypsum supplies for 30 years.


US: Fertiliser company Mosaic is seeking approval from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to test using phosphogypsum on a pilot road project at its New Wales site in Mulberry, Florida. It hopes to test using the substance in three 60m sections of road, according to correspondence seen by the Tampa Bay Times newspaper. The proposed test road will use a mixture of sand with up to 50% phosphogypsum in a 25cm base. The road will then be monitored over the next 18 months.

The EPA originally approved the limited use of phosphogypsum in road construction in 2020. However, this was then subsequently blocked. Local legislation in Florida allowing the Florida Department of Transportation to study the use of phosphogypsum in road construction has been approved by the Florida Senate and House of Representatives but is yet to be signed off by Governor Ron DeSantis.

The Florida Industrial and Phosphate Research Institute estimates that around 1Bnt of phosphogypsum is stored in over 20 sites in the state. Over 25Mt/yr of phosphogypsum is generated, typically from fertiliser production. Environmental groups in the state have opposed Mosaic’s proposed use of phosphogypsum in road building due to its higher level of radioactivity compared to other forms of gypsum.


Belgium: Eurogypsum, the European federation of national associations of producers of gypsum products, is lobbying for building materials such as gypsum to be included in a list of critical and strategic raw materials as part of the European Union’s (EU) proposed Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA). The organisation welcomes the CRMA but wants it to also consider the energy renovation of the building stock in addition to raw earth minerals such as those required to build batteries. It has suggested either amending the proposed act to include certain building materials as strategic or introducing a new category of ‘essential’ raw materials, with streamlined permitting processes and access to finance.

It noted that Europe was, in principle, self sufficient in gypsum due to abundant deposits. However, it said that, “increasing difficulties in the access to extractive permits, combined with the foreseen reduction of alternative gypsum sources from the flue gas desulphurisation of coal power plants in the energy transition, are raising serious concerns about the future supply of this mineral essential for the construction and renovation of buildings.”

The CRMA was originally announced by EU President Ursula von der Leyen in September 2022 before being formally proposed in March 2023. It is now being considered by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union.


France: Etex subsidiary Siniat plans to install a new boiler, fired by either solid recovered fuel (SRF) or waste wood, at its Auneuil gypsum wallboard plant in Oise Department. The producer expects this to reduce the plant's gas consumption by 20%. The L'Usine Nouvelle newspaper has reported that the project is part of a planned Euro30m sustainability overhaul of equipment at the plant before 2026. Siniat recently brought the Auneuil plant back online following the installation of a new Euro15m dryer in early 2023, which increased wallboard drying times by 10% and reduced gas consumption by 20%. The producer said that this has eliminated 5900t/yr of CO2 emissions.

From the remaining Euro3m of its allotted budget for sustainability upgrades, Siniat will build a gypsum recycling plant at the Auneuil gypsum wallboard plant. It currently receives its recycled gypsum from Ritleng Revalorisations' gypsum recycling plant in Rohr, Bas-Rhin Department. Currently, natural gypsum from the Le Pin-Villeparisis and Montmorency mines accounts for 40 - 60% of the Auneuil plant' gypsum consumption.


US: The US gypsum wallboard industry produced 623Mm2 of gypsum wallboard during the first quarter of 2023, down by 1% year-on-year and by 1.2% quarter-on-quarter. The industry exported 20.1Mm2 of gypsum wallboard in the quarter under review, corresponding to 19% year-on-year growth. Canada received 19Mm2 of the product, 94% of total exports for the quarter.

United States Geological Survey (USGS) data show 4% year-on-year growth in US gypsum wallboard imports. The country imported 23Mm2 during the year, 20.9Mm2 (91%) of it from Mexico and 1.84Mm2 (8%) from Canada. Total calcined gypsum consumption was 4.66Mt in the US in the first quarter of 2023, up by 9.9% year-on-year from 4.24Mt in the first quarter of 2022.


New Zealand: Winstone Wallboards says that it successfully started a test run on the new production line at its new Tauriko gypsum wallboard plant in mid-May 2023. In a statement general manager David Thomas said “The team successfully put ‘slurry on paper’ and ran board down the line and, beyond our initial plan, through the dryer.” He added the company was confident that it would be producing wallboard in the second half of 2023.


Japan: Chiyoda-Ute is preparing to launch a gypsum board product, Chiyoda Circular Gypsum Board, from June 2023 that uses 100% recycled gypsum. The company says it is the first product of its kind in the world to use 100% waste gypsum board collected from construction sites. Manufacturing will also be carbon neutral through the use of wood chips to heat the plant’s boiler and electricity supplied from renewable sources.


Japan: Yoshino Gypsum has developed a new gypsum wallboard fixing method called ‘Smart JG’ that uses adhesive and a magnet. It is intended to replace the usual installation method using power tools, screws and nails. The Smart JG method uses a special tape-like solid adhesive ‘JG02’ and a special tool ‘Super Mag Chuck’ to fix boards to the iron base and layer them. Notably, this new approach does not use screws and does not have staple marks on the surface of the board allowing for more decorative applications. This method is also quieter as power tools are not used. The patent for ‘Smart JG’ is currently pending.


US: USG has announced a strategic partnership with construction robotics company Canvas. The agreement intends to bring together USG’s expertise in building materials and Canvas’ experience in on-site robotics, notably in gypsum wallboard finishing. The companies hope to address industry issues such as labour shortages, schedule and budget overruns, quality inconsistencies and productivity and safety issues through their collaboration.

Canvas introduced its wallboard finishing machine to contractors in 2022. It can apply both level 5 and level 4 wallboard finishes. In contrast to manual application, the robot applies a single layer of joint compound over wet tape and telescopes to around 4.5m to do the vast majority of the work at height. It also reduces repetitive motion injuries and captures the majority of the dust produced by sanding.

Jonathan Hughes, USG’s Vice President of Estimating at Daley’s Drywall & Taping, said “As an early adopter of the Canvas machine, we see three clear benefits of the system: 1) it makes work safer for our tapers by eliminating dangerous dust, minimising repetitive motion injuries and reducing accidental falls; 2) the finish is amazing and consistent; and 3) the machine makes the work much faster, improving our productivity metrics and making us much more competitive.”

In March 2023 Canvas said that construction equipment manufacturer, Hilti, would now produce its robotic machines.


US: Georgia-Pacific has appointed Andy Konieczka as Executive Vice President of Building Products. He will report to the company's president and chief executive officer (CEO) Christian Fischer.

Konieczka previously worked as the president of Structural Panels at Georgia Pacific since 2019. He has worked for Koch Industries and subsidiaries, including Georgia-Pacific, since 1992. In 2006, he joined Georgia-Pacific, holding strategy, optimisation and management roles in wood, fibre and building products. Konieczka serves as a member of the board of directors for the APA - The Engineered Wood Association.


Bosnia & Herzegovina: The shareholders assembly of state-owned power company RiTE Ugljevik has approved the signing of contracts for the sale of gypsum and coal with Beijing New Building Materials (BNBM) Ugljevik. The project intends to build a 40Mm2/yr gypsum wallboard plant and it has a budget of Euro50m, according to the Sarajevo Times. RiTE Ugljevik previously agreed to supply 250,000t/yr of flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) to the proposed wallboard plant.


India: Saint-Gobain has signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Vibrant Energy, a subsidiary of Macquarie Asset Management's Green Investment Group (MAM-GIG), to provide wind and solar electricity to six local sites. The 20-year PPA will start in 2024 and bring the company’s national renewable electricity share to 65% in 2025. Under the agreement, Vibrant Energy will provide Saint-Gobain with 189GWhr/yr of renewable electricity. The company says that it is on target to achieve 100% renewable electricity in India by 2030 by replacing fossil fuels with biomass, using waste heat recovery and other measures.

Saint-Gobain India operates 76 manufacturing plants in the country including four gypsum wallboard units.


US: Eagle Materials reported sales of US$2.1bn in 2022, up by 15% year-on-year from 2021 levels. The producer's earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) rose by 19% to US$782m. Its light materials sales, including gypsum wallboard, rose by 22% to US$981m. Sales volumes of gypsum wallboard rose by 4% to 87.8Mm3, while it raised prices by 17% to US$8.46/m3.

President and CEO Michael Haack said "Looking ahead, we anticipate continued attractive fundamentals in our markets, despite headwinds relating to higher interest rates and affordability constraints in single-family residential construction. Among the favourable demand factors we expect will affect our results in future periods are projected funding increases for infrastructure projects and healthy demand for heavy industrial projects and multi-family residential construction. We remain well-positioned to capitalise on these conditions, given our geographical footprint across the (Central) US Heartland and fast-growing Sun Belt (Southern US) and our financial strength and flexibility."


Canada: USG Corporation subsidiary Canadian Gypsum Company (CGC) plants to restart operations at its 2Mt/yr-capacity Little Narrows gypsum quarry in Nova Scotia. Construction Canada News has reported that the company expects the commissioning to take until early-mid 2026. Work includes the construction of a new crusher and conveyor systems, as well as a dock and ship loader, and the purchase of new mining equipment, including drills, loaders, excavators and haul trucks. When operational, the quarry will ship gypsum to markets along the east coast of North America, including Montréal, Québec.

USG Corporation CEO Chris Griffin said “This investment will cement our long-term commitment to the Canadian market and our dedication to providing the best experience for our customers across North America. CGC has a proud history of operations at the Little Narrows gypsum quarry, which was active from 1954 to 2016. We are deeply connected to Little Narrows and Cape Breton, and thrilled to return to drive economic growth and support the local community as a neighbour and partner.”


Spain: Etex subsidiary Pladur says that its Gelsa gypsum wallboard plant produced 25Mm2 of gypsum wallboard during 2022. This corresponds to volume growth of 30% year-on-year. The Heraldo de Aragón newspaper has reported that the 2022 figure corresponds to 83% of its operational capacity of 30Mm2/yr.

The Gelsa gypsum wallboard plant reportedly uses 2 - 4% recycled gypsum in its operations. This corresponds to 4000 - 6000t/yr of gypsum, in line with its own rate of production waste generation. The plant aims to recycle 30,000 - 40,000t/yr of gypsum in 2030.