Gypsum industry news

Grenzebach said earlier this month that it is going to invest around Euro2m on growing its presence in Pune. The current sales and service branch will be merged with a new production site in the city in Maharashtra. The site will be used for the assembly of conveyor equipment and welding work for dryers and lehr ovens for the glass industry. Production at the new unit is expected to start in October 2023 and it will create around 30 new jobs.

The decision by the Germany-based equipment supplier to expand in India follows Saint-Gobain’s expansion plans in India. It said in late 2022 that it was planning to spend US$215m towards capacity expansion plans in 2023 as part of a larger investment in the region, of US$970m between 2022 and 2025. Its stated aim for the new investment is to grow its revenue to US$4.4bn in 2032 from US$1.5bn in 2022. To break this down, half of the group’s turnover in India comes at present from glass-related businesses, 30% from gypsum and construction chemicals and the rest from abrasives, ceramics and life sciences. Some examples of this planned investment include the acquisition by Saint-Gobain of Rockwool India, a stone wool manufacturer, in February 2023 and an agreement to buy UP Twiga Fiberglass, a glass wool producer. Saint-Gobain is the biggest gypsum wallboard producer by capacity in India with four plants, followed by USGKnauf, which runs two plants, and various independent producers.

Growing the wallboard market in India has long seemed like an enticing prospect given the country’s demographics, low production capacity per capita compared to Europe and North America, and sustainability trends. However, despite all of this, it is taking a long time to get there. One commentator on LinkedIn has suggested that this may be down to reticence from the construction sector to adopt the product. In his view wallboard in India has mainly been used for ceilings and for commercial and industrial applications but not for residential projects. Producers, such as Saint-Gobain are likely to be well aware of this. So it is interesting to note that two projects in India picked up awards in Saint-Gobain’s International Gypsum Trophy in 2023.

On the crude gypsum side, data from the Indian Bureau of Mines and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) show that India produced an estimated 4.3Mt of gypsum from its mines from reserves of 37Mt. These reserves are far smaller than other countries with large populations such as China, the US, Brazil or Türkiye. The country also produced an estimated 2.1Mt of flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) gypsum in the 2023 – 2023 financial year. However, the Cement Manufacturers Association (CMA) estimates that its sector used 13 – 17Mt in 2020 – 2021 when cement production was 331Mt and that this is forecast to rise to 20 – 25Mt in 2024 – 2025 when cement production reaches 491Mt. This corresponds to the 4 – 5% of gypsum that it is added to clinker when grinding it to manufacture ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and other cement types.

In acknowledgment of this gap between mining and usage, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) started promoting recycling gypsum from fertiliser production and power plants in May 2023. So far, its main focus has been on improving access to phosphogypsum stockpiles, although the target for FGD production is an ambitious 9.9Mt by 2025 – 2026. Unsurprisingly, gypsum exporters have benefitted from this situation. Oman, reportedly, exported nearly 5Mt of gypsum to India in 2022. Historically, Thailand and Iran have also supplied the Indian market with gypsum.

India remains the great maybe for wallboard adoption outside of North America and Europe. The latest round of investment by Saint-Gobain and Grenzebach may yet deliver on this. Both companies are looking at a range of light materials including glass and insulation not just wallboard. So far though, the main merger and acquisition activity by Saint-Gobain has been targeted on insulation companies. Once or if Saint-Gobain or anyone else starts buying gypsum companies or building new plants then we will have a sense that something is changing. Alongside this, the DPIIT’s plans to recycle more gypsum may help bring further attention to the local gypsum sector.

Oman: Producers and exporters despatched 9.9Mt of gypsum from Oman in 2022. The figure corresponds to year-on-year growth of 13% from 8.74Mt in 2021. The Oman Daily Observer newspaper has reported that India received 4.84Mt (49%) of Omani gypsum exports during the year. This accounts for 87% of the South Asian nation's total gypsum imports, of 5.54Mt, in 2022. The total figure shows a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17% between 2009 and 2022. The market's forecast CAGR up to 2037 is 5.2%.

The Indian cement industry, which reportedly relies on the dwindling domestic stock of phosphogypsum, is anticipated an anticipated source of continued growth in demand.

US: Fertiliser company Mosaic is seeking approval from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to test using phosphogypsum on a pilot road project at its New Wales site in Mulberry, Florida. It hopes to test using the substance in three 60m sections of road, according to correspondence seen by the Tampa Bay Times newspaper. The proposed test road will use a mixture of sand with up to 50% phosphogypsum in a 25cm base. The road will then be monitored over the next 18 months.

The EPA originally approved the limited use of phosphogypsum in road construction in 2020. However, this was then subsequently blocked. Local legislation in Florida allowing the Florida Department of Transportation to study the use of phosphogypsum in road construction has been approved by the Florida Senate and House of Representatives but is yet to be signed off by Governor Ron DeSantis.

The Florida Industrial and Phosphate Research Institute estimates that around 1Bnt of phosphogypsum is stored in over 20 sites in the state. Over 25Mt/yr of phosphogypsum is generated, typically from fertiliser production. Environmental groups in the state have opposed Mosaic’s proposed use of phosphogypsum in road building due to its higher level of radioactivity compared to other forms of gypsum.

India: UltraTech Cement has transported a shipment of 57,000t of phosphogypsum by coastal and inland waterways to its Gujarat plant at Kovaya in Amreli district. The subsidiary of Aditya Birla Group says this is the first operation of its kind in the country, according to Orissa Diary.

K C Jhanwar, the managing director of UltraTech Cement, said "The cement industry plays a pivotal role in driving the circular economy in India through the use of industrial and municipal waste in cement manufacturing. This industry-first initiative of UltraTech Cement in using inland and coastal waterways for transport of phosphogypsum will help to further strengthen the role of the cement sector in driving the circular economy in India."

The cement company sourced the phosphogypsum from the Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative and Paradeep Phosphates. Legacy stock of the by-product from fertiliser plants in the country are estimated to be about 70Mt.

US: The government of DeSoto County in Mississippi has approved new rules banning the establishment of new phosphogypsum stacks in the county. The Port North Sun newspaper has reported that county commissioners unanimously approved the ordinance at a meeting on 26 October 2021.

Phosphate and potash producer Mosaic owns 9310ha of the county’s land area, of which it is seeking mining licences to cover 5670ha.

Commissioner Elton Langford described the ban as ‘preventative.’ According to the county’s Public Information Office, there were no pending gypsum stack licence applications in DeSoto County on 26 October 2021.

Vietnam: Vietnam National Chemical Group’s DAP No 1 – Hai Phong fertiliser plant is exploring options to use phosphogypsum as an additive in cement production. The company is working with the government on finding a use for the by-product of fertiliser production, according to the Viet Nam News newspaper. Duong Duy Hung, the director of the Planning Department at the Ministry of Industry and Trade, said the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Science and Technology have been developing new standards and regulations on the use of phosphogypsum plaster for use in the building materials sector. A phosphogypsum dump at the plant is expected to be utilised by 2025.

India: Engineering company Essar Projects has won a US$44.7m contract from the Indian Farmers Fertilizer Co-operative (IFFCO) to build a phosphogypsum stack at its Paradip plant in Odisha, India's largest phosphatic fertiliser complex.
The project has two phases. Phase I, which is valued at about US$28m, involves completion of approximately 60% of the total construction and must be completed in 20 months. The second phase involves construction of the remaining 40% and will have to be completed in 10 months. Essar Projects has completed three projects for IFFCO Paradip to date.

"The fact that this is our fourth major back-to-back project with IFFCO, is a reflection of the customer's confidence in our capabilities. We are pleased to say that we have already delivered some key works of the current contract that had to be completed before the onset of the monsoon," said AV Amarnath, COO, Essar Projects.